Baruch Spinozas Anti Anthroponcentric View Essay -- Philosophy Spinoz

At the point when Baruch Spinoza made his philosophical artful culmination, the Morals, he realized that his thoughts (especially those of God) would be viewed as shocking in the outrageous, prompting any number of terrible outcomes. This was the explanation that the Ethics were distributed in 1677, after death (p.97)1. His worries are well supported in the light of what he writes in the Appendix (p.145-149) to Part1: Concerning God (p.129-145) with respect to the partialities present in the psyches of people. For, it is here that Spinoza legitimately challenges the common strict universality and looks to expel the very creed that was the premise of their capacity. Spinoza affirms in the Appendix (p.145) that there exist certain preferences in the psyches of individuals that keep them from understanding (and tolerating as evident) the ends that he comes to after a completely coherent and surely, geometrical procedure of thinking. The base of every one of these partialities, he further explains, is the practically all inclusive conviction that every Natural thing exist and act with some unmistakable objective being sought after. Further, he presents for examination the solid humanoid attribution innate in most human personalities that causes these individuals to have faith known to man having been made for the good of they. Finally comes the strict piece of this image, wherein humanity exists with the goal that it might venerate God, in this manner shutting the hover of creation. Spinoza (normally, thinking about his way of thinking) dismisses this image and in this way endeavors in the Appendix to contend on the accompanying pivotal focuses: 1) The explanation 1 Roger Ariew and Eric Watkins. Current Philosophy: A treasury of essential sources. Indianapolis/Cambridge, 1998. Note: All references to Spinoza will be to this content except if otherw... ...e previous, Spinoza answers, â€Å"...the flawlessness of things ought to be estimated exclusively from their own inclination and power† and not concerning definitions in the creative mind. Moreover, God had no through and through freedom in making the universe, (from Cor. 1 Pr. 32, p.142 as portrayed already) and (from Pr.16, p.137) â€Å"from the need of the divine..(follows)..everything that can come quite close to unending intellect†. Accordingly, God must, of need, be the reason for everything, great and defective! 6 All in all, Spinoza gives a faultless contention that ought to promptly persuade the peruser of reality of his fundamental recommendation in the Appendix, for example that the significant purpose behind snags in the way of comprehension is the human-centric view of Nature that the vast majority clutch, regardless of the immensity of the inconsistencies inalienable in that see. 7

Manipulations of Memory Used by Orwell and Williams Free Essays

The consistent advancement of â€Å"Big Brother† as the all-controlling substance in George Orwell’s 1984 is the reason for the job truth plays all through the novel. Truth is worked against society to support the legislature. So also, Tennessee Williams makes a particularly unique condition for his characters in The Glass Menagerie while keeping up a similar capacity of truth as a wellspring of twisting and control. We will compose a custom exposition test on Controls of Memory Used by Orwell and Williams or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now On the whole, the subjects of dehumanization in 1984 and bending of memory in The Glass Menagerie identify with each other in regards to the capacity of truth in each work to validate a feeling of power and trickiness. Mistreatment in 1984 as an immediate instrument of dehumanization is made very apparent inside the content. The inward party utilizes a few programming and torment strategies to free society of past recollections and encounters. The impacts these strategies have upon truth are generous in their respect. The aim of â€Å"Big Brother† is to diminish people comprehension to a progressively essential, handily controlled and void record where the plans of the internal party can be executed effortlessly. We see the degree to which comprehension of the past influences one’s mentality about the current when Winston states, â€Å"And when memory fizzled and set up accounts were falsifiedâ€when that occurred, the case of the Party to have improved the states of human life had got the opportunity to be acknowledged, in light of the fact that there didn't exist, and never again could exist, any standard against which it could be tested† (Orwell 93). This statement is said following Winston’s baffling discussion with the elderly person about existence before the Revolution. Winston is settling that the gathering has intentionally decided to debilitate people’s recollections so as to render them unfit to challenge what the Party asserts about the present. On the off chance that nobody recalls life before the Revolution, at that point nobody can say that the Party has bombed humankind by driving individuals to live in states of shortage, rottenness, obliviousness, and starvation. Or maybe, the gathering utilizes modified history books and adulterated records to demonstrate its great deeds. This demonstrates the hypothesis that fact is needy of memory and without memory truth is dependent upon control and for this situation dehumanization. Orwell not just recommends this hypothesis through the occasions saw in Winston yet in addition through Winston’s own acquiescence to â€Å"Big Brother† and its meaning of truth toward the finish of the novel. After the internal party’s tenacious endeavor to cleanse Winston of any restricted considerations, they accomplish their objective of dehumanizing him. The storyteller carries conclusion to the novel as he depicts Winston’s â€Å"new† character. â€Å"He looked up at the colossal face. Forty years it had taken him to realize what sort of grin was covered up underneath the dull mustache. O barbarous, unnecessary misconception! O obstinate, stubborn outcast from the caring bosom! Two gin-scented tears streamed down the sides of his nose. Be that as it may, it was good, everything was okay, the battle was done. He had prevailed upon the triumph himself. He adored Big Brother†, said the storyteller (Orwell 297). Winston’s interest towards â€Å"Big Brother† was winning during the prior pieces of the novel. This interest before long changes into ill will asking him to join a revolutionary gathering to topple â€Å"Big Brother†. In spite of these negative emotions, the intensity of dehumanization neutralizes what long stretches of interest have said to Winston to be valid. His memory of â€Å"Big Brother† as being counterproductive to society is not, at this point existent on the grounds that his current circumstance says that â€Å"Big Brother† ought to be adored genuinely. The way that Winston’s transformation was fruitful should concentrate the peruser on truth and memory and how they are practically identical. The dehumanization of memory remains as a standard subject in 1984 and it is through this topic that Orwell capacities truth to uncover the craving of trickiness. Tennessee Williams adopts a relating strategy to truth and its capacity in his play, The Glass Menagerie. The characters, Amanda, Tom, and Laura all face the comparative quandary of a misrepresented impression of the real world. The mother, Amanda, is the most conspicuous character trying to claim ignorance. Her circumstance as a single parent bringing up two youngsters has subconsciously misled what she sees as verifiable. In a discussion with Laura Amanda is cited â€Å"Why you’re not disabled, you simply have a little imperfection †scarcely perceptible, even! At the point when individuals have some slight inconvenience that way, they develop different things to compensate for it †create enchant †and vivacity †and †charm† (Orwell 18)! Apparently everybody is very mindful that Laura is injured notwithstanding, Amanda won't deal with this event. She manages this sad truth by misleading herself that her girl isn't disabled subsequently demonstrating there to be little veracity to any recollections she has. All through the play Amanda is brimming with trickeries. Amanda changes her style of discourse to a southern emphasize when Laura’s refined man guest shows up. Amanda states â€Å"â€Å"light food an’ light garments are what warm climate calls fo†Ã¢â‚¬  (Orwell 63). The peruser is informed that Amanda was conceived in the south. Despite that, this is the first occasion when she talks with a southern emphasize. Amanda clarifies her newfound highlight as her â€Å"rejuvenated† character yet the peruser can accept this is her endeavor to delude the individuals around her to accept she is something that she isn't further uncovering her tricky memory. Therefore, Tom and Laura are caught by this deception Amanda makes. Laura is profoundly needy upon her mom in this way she is impacted by Amanda’s sees. Tom worries about the concern of accommodating his family and can't leave from this universe of falsehoods and misrepresentations. Amanda’s present state has mutilated her memory and basically contorted her feeling of self and reality. Her capacity to do this has given her control of what she can feel and consequently how she can carry on with her life regardless of not having the option to escape from the neediness stricken life. Regardless of having differentiating impacts behind their regarded topics, 1984 and The Glass Menagerie share a typical reason to oversee reality through the control of truth. In 1984 Winston watched and encountered the strategies that â€Å"Big Brother† used to give the open a deceptive perspective on truth. Through dehumanization, â€Å"Big Brother† accomplished full authority over its residents by eradicating all recollections of life before the insurgency. Without any recollections to pass by society was helpless before â€Å"Big Brother† and what the inward party thought about worthy. Individuals couldn't pass judgment on directly from wrong in light of the fact that â€Å"Big Brother† was all they at any point knew. The Glass Menagerie is practically identical is the feeling that Amanda expected to deal with her life which appeared to turn into the ground. She was defenseless and this inclination drove her to shape her own existence so as to recover this feeling of control. Individuals are regularly frightful of things they can't prevail. Amanda couldn't accomplish opportunity from her condition along these lines she made her own way through a misleading memory. Her kids were caught in this life of falsehoods similarly as Winston was in 1984. In the two works we see a longing of capacity to control their regarded circumstances. 1984 looked for the control of society while The Glass Menagerie looked for the control of the Wingfield future. The intensity of memory is existential to the human capacity of seeing the present. George Orwell’s 1984 and Tennessee Williams’ The Glass Menagerie control memory in such a comparable design, that their elements of truth are about indistinguishable concerning their motivation. In 1984 truth is worked against society for â€Å"Big Brother† and the internal gatherings motivation through dehumanization. So also, Orwell utilizes Amanda’s character in The Glass Menagerie to show the significance of memory and how one’s own trickery of truth can misshape their world significantly. The two bits of work supplement each other and cement the case that memory or a beguiling memory besides is defenseless against abuse and the impacts can be generous concerning one’s feeling of reality. Step by step instructions to refer to Manipulations of Memory Used by Orwell and Williams, Essay models

The 7th edition of APA style has arrived!

The 7th edition of APA style has arrived! (28) In the Fall of 2019, the American Psychological Association released the 7th edition of its popular citation format, often referred to as “APA style.” This format is commonly used in science and research based courses and is one of the most popular citation styles available on ! At EasyBib, we are working on making updates to our citation style offerings to make APA 7 available. In the meantime, you’re probably wondering what’s new in this edition. Read on for details on some of the most important changes made to APA format: Paper formatting and word choice guideline changes:   The words “Running head” no longer need to be included on the title page. Instead, the title page only requires the page number and the abbreviated version of the paper title at the top. The new style version endorses the use of the singular “they” as an option for a gender neutral pronoun. Citation and reference page guideline changes:   The label “DOI:” is no longer required in online resource/website citations, and DOIs can now be represented as URLS (htttps://doi.org) For an APA in-text citation for a work with three or more authors/contributors, only write the first author’s name and then include the abbreviation “et al.” for the rest.   Example: (Johnson et al., 2019) The label “Retrieved from” no longer needs to come before URLs in an APA website citation.   You no longer need to include the location of a source’s publisher. Example: “Atlanta: Random House” would just become “Random House.” The format of an ebook (i.e., “Nook”) is no longer needed in citations. For more information of what has been updated in the 7th edition, check out the official announcement from the American Psychological Association here. Find EasyBib resources on more than just APA! Grab a plagiarism and grammar check, read up on what is MLA format, learn about irregular verbs, and more at .

Harlem Renaissance Women Dreaming in Color

You may have heard of Zora Neale Hurston or Bessie Smith—but do you know of Georgia Douglas Johnson? Augusta Savage? Nella Larsen? These—and dozens more—were women of the Harlem Renaissance. Calling Dreams The right to make my dreams come trueI ask, nay, I demand of life,Nor shall fates deadly contrabandImpede my steps, nor countermand.Too long my heart against the groundHas beat the dusty years around,And now, at length, I rise, I wake!And stride into the morning break!Georgia Douglas Johnson, 1922 The Context It was the early twentieth century, and for a new generation of African Americans, the world had changed tremendously compared to the world of their parents and grandparents. Slavery had ended in America more than half a century earlier. While African Americans still faced tremendous economic and social obstacles in both the northern and southern states, there were more opportunities than there had been. After the Civil War (and beginning slightly earlier in the North), education for black Americans—and black and white women—had become more common. Many were still not able to attend or complete school, but a substantial few were able to attend and complete not only elementary or secondary school, but college. In these years, professional education slowly began to open up to blacks and women. Some black men became professionals: physicians, lawyers, teachers, businessmen. Some black women also found professional careers, often as teachers or librarians. These families, in turn, saw to the education of their daughters. When black soldiers returned to the United States from fighting in World War I, many hoped for an opening of opportunity. Black men had contributed to the victory; surely, America would now welcome these men into full citizenship. In this same period black Americans began moving out of the rural South and into the cities and towns of the industrial North, in the first years of the Great Migration. They brought black culture with them: music with African roots and story-telling. The general U.S. culture began adopting elements of that black culture  as its own. This adoption (and often-uncredited appropriation) was evidenced clearly in the new Jazz Age. Hope was slowly rising for many African Americans—though discrimination, prejudice, and closed doors on account of race and sex were by no means eliminated. In the early twentieth century, it seemed more worthwhile and possible to challenge those injustices: Perhaps the injustices could indeed be undone, or at least eased. Harlem Renaissance Flowering In this environment, music, fiction, poetry, and art in African American intellectual circles experienced a flowering that came to be called the Harlem Renaissance. This Renaissance, like the European Renaissance, included both an advancement of new art forms, while simultaneously going back to roots. This double motion generated tremendous creativity and action. The period was named for Harlem because the cultural explosion was centered in this neighborhood of New York City. Harlem was predominantly peopled by African Americans, more of whom were daily arriving from the South. The creative flowering reached other cities, though Harlem remained at the center of the more experimental aspects of the movement. Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, and to a lesser extent Chicago were other northern U.S. cities with large established black communities with enough educated members to dream in color too. The NAACP, founded by white and black Americans to further the rights of colored people, established its journal Crisis, edited by W. E. B. Du Bois. Crisis took on the political issues of the day affecting black citizens. And Crisis also published fiction and poetry, with Jessie Fauset as the literary editor. The Urban League, another organization working to serve city communities, published Opportunity. Less explicitly political and more consciously cultural, Opportunity was published by Charles Johnson; Ethel Ray Nance served as his secretary. The political side of Crisis was complemented by the conscious striving for a black intellectual culture: poetry, fiction, art that reflected the new race consciousness of The New Negro. The new works addressed the human condition as African Americans experienced it—exploring love, hope, death, racial injustice, dreams. Who Were the Women? Most of the well-known figures of the Harlem Renaissance were men: W.E.B. DuBois, Countee Cullen, and Langston Hughes are names known to most serious students of American history and literature today. And, because many opportunities that had opened up for black men had also opened up for women of all colors, African American women too began to dream in color—to demand that their view of the human condition be part of the collective dream. Jessie Fauset  not only edited the literary section of  The Crisis,  but she also hosted evening gatherings for prominent black intellectuals in Harlem: artists, thinkers, writers. Ethel Ray Nance and her roommate  Regina Anderson  also hosted gatherings in their home in New York City. Dorothy Peterson, a teacher, used her fathers Brooklyn home for literary salons. In Washington, D.C.,  Georgia Douglas Johnsons freewheeling jumbles were Saturday night happenings for black writers and artists in that city. Regina Anderson  also arranged for events at the Harlem public library where she served as an assistant librarian. She read new books by exciting black authors and wrote up and distributed digests to spread interest in the works. These women were integral parts of the Harlem Renaissance for the many roles they played. As organizers, editors, and decision-makers, they helped publicize, support, and thus shape the movement. But women also participated more directly. Indeed Jessie Fauset did much to facilitate the work of other artists: She was the literary editor of  The Crisis,  she hosted salons in her home, and she arranged for the first publication of work by the poet Langston Hughes. But Fauset also wrote articles and novels herself. She not only shaped the movement from the outside, but was an artistic contributor to the movement herself. The larger circle of women in the movement included writers like Dorothy West and her younger cousin,  Georgia Douglas Johnson,  Hallie Quinn,  and  Zora Neale Hurston; journalists like  Alice Dunbar-Nelson  and Geraldyn Dismond; artists like  Augusta Savage  and Lois Mailou Jones; and singers like Florence Mills,  Marian Anderson,  Bessie Smith, Clara Smith, Ethel Waters, Billie Holiday, Ida Cox, and Gladys Bentley. Many of these artists addressed not only race issues, but  gender  issues, as well—exploring what it was like to live as a black woman. Some addressed cultural issues of passing or expressed the fear of violence or the barriers to full economic and social participation in American society. Some celebrated black culture—and worked to creatively develop that culture. Nearly forgotten are a few white women who also were part of the Harlem Renaissance, as writers, patrons, and supporters.  We know more about the black men like W.E.B. du Bois and white men like Carl Van Vechten, who supported black women artists of the time, than about the white women who were involved. These included the wealthy dragon lady Charlotte Osgood Mason, writer Nancy Cunard, and Grace Halsell, journalist. Ending the Renaissance The Depression made literary and artistic life more difficult in general, even as it hit black communities harder economically than it hit white communities. White men were given even more preference when jobs became scarce. Some of the Harlem Renaissance figures looked for better-paying, more secure work. America grew less interested in African American art and artists, stories and story-tellers. By the 1940s, many of the creative figures of the Harlem Renaissance were already being forgotten by all but a few scholars specializing narrowly in the field. Rediscovery? Alice Walkers rediscovery of  Zora Neale Hurston  in the 1970s helped turn public interest back towards this fascinating group of writers, male and female. Marita Bonner was another nearly-forgotten writer of the Harlem Renaissance and beyond. She was a Radcliffe graduate who wrote in many of the black periodicals in the period of the Harlem Renaissance, publishing more than 20 stores and some plays.  She died in 1971, but her work was not collected until 1987. Today, scholars are working on finding more of the works of the Harlem Renaissance and rediscovering more artists and writers. The works found are a reminder not only of the creativity and vibrancy of those women and men who participated—but theyre also a reminder that the work of creative people can be lost, even if not explicitly suppressed, if the race or the sex of the person is the wrong one for the time. The women of the Harlem Renaissance—except perhaps for Zora Neale Hurston—have been more neglected and forgotten than their male colleagues, both then and now. To get acquainted with more of these impressive women, visit the  biographies of Harlem Renaissance women. Sources Beringer McKissack, Lisa. Women of the Harlem Renaissance.  Compass Point Books, 2007.Kaplan, Carla. Miss Anne in Harlem: The White Women of the Black Renaissance. Harper Collins, 2013.Roses, Lorraine Elena, and Ruth Elizabeth Randolph. Harlem Renaissance and Beyond: Literary Biographies of 100 Black Women Writers 1900–1945. Harvard University Press,1990.Wall, Cheryl A. Women of the Harlem Renaissance.   Indiana University Press, 1995.

The Social Issue Of Homelessness - 1138 Words

Homelessness Catherine Vivi ABS 497 Applied Behavioral Sciences Capstone Instructor Theresa Cruz June 29, 2015 Ashford University Homelessness Lakeland is a city in Polk County, Florida, United States, located between the two larger cities in central Florida those being Tampa to the west and Orlando to the east. While interventions to interrupt and end homelessness may vary across groups, ending homelessness permanently requires housing combined with the types of services supported by programs operated by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). This paper will address demographics for the area, identify the social issue of homelessness, and address using a social action model for community change, and the strengths and weaknesses of the model. According to the United States Census Bureau estimate, Lakeland had a population of 100,710 (US Census Bureau, 2006). According to the Lakeland Economic Development Council, the numbers of existing households in 2013 were 41,833 (2013). The average household income in 2013 for Lakeland was $50,064, with the median household income at $36,495. The average hourly wage in 2013 was $18.18. Lakelands labor force for 2013 was 42,658. There were 39521 employed in 2013. The unemployed number was 3137 for 2013, setting the population of the unemployed for Lakeland at 7.40%. However, in 2013 the job growth raised only .37% (City of Lakeland, Florida, 2014). What establishes a problem differs from person to person, orShow MoreRelatedThe Social Issue Of Homelessness1055 Words   |  5 PagesHomelessness is a social issue which extends beyond a lack of housing and includes the complexities of social and economic concerns such as domestic violence, child abuse, trauma and addictions, mental health, insufficient income, health complications, involvement with the justice system, and poverty. Homelessness is a difficult phenomenon to define as it is dependent upon societal constructs, mainly revolving around the concept of ‘home’ and how it is largely influenced by family structures moreRead MoreSocial Issues In Homelessness855 Words   |  4 PagesTransient! We have all overheard these terms which reference those who are homeless. Homelessness is not a crisis or an endemic that transpired overnight, but has been steadily escalating for decades. This endemic impact more individuals than anyone can conceptualize. It triggers a va riety of problems not just for the homeless, but society. Homelessness is a multifaceted social problem with an array of underlying social and economic factors. People find themselves without permanent housing for severalRead MoreHomelessness : A Social Issue2081 Words   |  9 Pagesessay on a Social Issue. I have chosen Homelessness. I chose this because it is a very serious issue not only here in Australia but all over the world. In Australia there are is about 105,000 Australians that are homeless on any given night, all of which are either living in a makeshift home or sleeping on the streets. In my essay I am going to look at whom homelessness affects the reasons why, and what is being done to help and raise awareness 1.0 What is homelessness? 1.1 Homelessness the socialRead MoreThe Social Issues Of Homelessness1133 Words   |  5 Pagesbecause we see certain things so often, we become desensitized and accustomed to them, leading us to acknowledge them less and less. This however, serves as a poor excuse when explaining our lack of effort in attacking and solving the social issues present in homelessness. In today’s day and age, individuals often adapt the mindset of: â€Å"Your problem, you deal with it.† But how are these human beings, who have aspirations and dreams just like you and me (that are now crushed), are supposed to just â€Å"deal†Read MoreHomelessness : The Current Social Welfare Issue1339 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Welfare Issue: Homelessness Written by: Laura Westra The current social welfare issue that I chose to explore is homelessness within Canada. First, this essay will give a brief description of homelessness. 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Next we willRead MoreThe Issue Of Homelessness And School Social Work1554 Words   |  7 PagesJournal Articles Review SWK 190 Introduction to Social Work Section 01 Lauren Cartwright 2/18/16 Introduction Social work continues to be a necessary and important profession because there are such a wide variety and abundance of social issues that exist in the world today. Among these issues, one of great prevalence is homelessness. Homelessness is an important problem that needs to be directly addressed because it can lead to many other problems as well. Problems such as poor academicRead MoreEssay about The social issue of homelessness in NC1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe Social Issue of Homelessness in North Carolina People drive or walk past a homeless person almost every day without thinking twice about the plight of that person or they may even unconsciously turn their heads the other way in disgust. Homelessness simply put, means without a home - therefore homelessness is an equal opportunity state that can happen to anyone. Even though we have seen some economic prosperity over the years, statistics show that the number of homeless remains very high.Read MoreSocial Problems Within The Australian Society1215 Words   |  5 PagesA Social Analysis – Homelessness There are a growing number of social problems existing within the Australian society and unfortunately, research does not need to prove this. All it takes is a stroll down the main street of some suburbs to realise the extent of social problems within society. Homelessness is a rising trend that is affecting people of all demographics. Homelessness is more than just a simple disadvantage; with usually many underpinning factors which contribute to it, such as domesticRead MoreHomelessness And The Tampa Bay Area1234 Words   |  5 PagesHomelessness is a prevalent social issue that many countries are trying to resolve. One area that has a high rate of homelessness is the Tampa Bay Area in Florida. According to a homeless count carried out by the Tampa Hillsborough Homeless Initiative (THHI) in 2016, in Hillsborough County alone, there are, â€Å"at least 1,817 homeless men, women, and children† who have to resort to unorthodox housing, such as spaces behind buildings, encampmen ts, sidewalks, and cars (â€Å"About Homelessness†). Moreover

Status Quo Free Essays

Developing and retaining highly qualified teachers continues to be a critical need (Berry, 2004; Darling-Hammond Sykes, 2003). As more teachers retire and school populations continue to grow, an increasing number of schools, universities, and states are implementing programs to ease induction, develop quality teachers, and inform educational practices. Therefore, many educators are now turning to action research to achieve these goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Status Quo or any similar topic only for you Order Now The purpose of Grogan, Donaldson, Simmons (2007) article Disrupting the Status Quo is to make an argument that unlike traditional research, action research encourages school personnel to systematically develop a question, gather data, and then analyze that data to improve their practice. The article addresses the key question to the appropriateness and relevance of educational leaders undertaking action research projects as the capstone of their doctoral studies (Grogan, Donaldson, Simmons, 2007). The most important takeaway in this article is that traditional educational preparation programs and the hierarchical structure of public schools tend to perpetuate compliance and maintenance of the status quo. Furthermore, there is a need for transformative learning to help leaders deconstruct conformity to the many social and cultural canons, which have permeated U. S. schools to the detriment of our students. The authors believe that an action research dissertation and mentoring is an essential component in any educational leadership curriculum that aspires to foster the critical, reflective learning that is the hallmark of human and organizational transformation. Gilles Cramer (2003) supports a combination of appropriate coursework and mentoring help new teachers transition quickly into solid, thoughtful, and strategic teachers. The key concept we need to understand is that action research and the fact that the Ed. D is a professional degree does not minimize the rigor or prestige in comparison to a Ph. D. Since the research, focus of an Ed. D is different from that of a Ph. D, action research focuses on generating knowledge that is workable, make sense, and is credible in more than one setting as opposed to acquiring knowledge for its own sake (Grogan, Donaldson, Simmons, 2007). The main assumption that the author is making is that there has to be a change in order to transform the learning process. If we take this line of reasoning serious then there should be no kid left behind. The new generation of educational leaders will also have the tools needed to think critically, identify and solve problems facing their institution of higher learning. If we fail to take this line of reasoning seriously, we could end up in worse economic and educational status. Berry, B. (2004). Recruiting and retaining â€Å"highly qualified teachers† for hard-to-staff schools. NASSP Bulletin, 88(638), 5-27. Darling-Hammond, L. Sykes, G. (2003). Wanted: A national teacher supply policy for education: The right way to meet the â€Å"highly qualified teacher† challenge. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 11(33). Retrieved [22 July 2011] from http://epaa. asu. edu/epaa/v11n33/v11n3 Gilles, C. Cramer, M. (2003, April). The impact of school-university partnerships on classroom teachers and their teaching. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, IL. Grogan M. , Donaldson, J. Simmons J. (2007, May 19). Disrupting the Status Quo: The Action Research Dissertation as a Transformative Strategy. Retrieved from http://cnx. org/content/m14529/1. 2/. How to cite Status Quo, Essay examples

Afghan Paper free essay sample

The United States faces many problems in the current war with terrorist forces. The increase of causalities, the increase of fanatical Taliban and al Qaeda troops, the lack of Afghan National Army forces to help with the fighting, and the ever looming threat of nuclear weapons falling into the hands of insurgents. The Obama administration’s new strategy includes efforts to increase the confidence of the local Afghan population by protecting it from insurgent violence and improving governance, security and economic development (Afghanistan, 672). In order to implement these plans, the U.S. has deployed new troop — a total of 21,000 additional soldiers to fight the insurgency in Afghanistan and train Afghan security forces. By the end of the year, the level of U. S. troops is expected to reach about 68,000. Other troops are also being supplied by NATO countries and other allies, currently about 32,000, though many are engaged in development and relief work and not combat operations (Afghanistan, 672). The top three NATO countries providing troops were the United King, Germany, and Canada, with many other smaller nations sending troops to contribute to war efforts. One of the most noteworthy features of the new strategic plan is to avoid civilian causalities throughout the war; the number of civilian causalities has gone done tremendously over the years, decreasing over a thousand between 2008 and 2009 (Afghanistan, 673). Another important part of the plan is to help develop the Afghan government by increasing the number of agricultural specialists, educators, engineers, and lawyers in the area. Now that the Obama administration has issued a new plan that has been under implementation for about two years, the topic of the administration announcing an exit plan has been under heavy debate. According to Ilan Berman, Vice-President for Policy of the American Foreign Policy Council, the United States should not set a date of exited from the war on Afghanistan. Berman states that announcing an exit plan would prove that the United States’ interest and investment in the stability of Afghanistan is temporary and limited (Afghanistan, 685). I am in agreement with the view Ilan Berman. The United States should gradually decrease the presence of troops within the country, while still working on providing a stable government and economy in Afghanistan. Reference page: Adapted from Kingsbury, A. 2011, February 11). Government secrecy. CQ Researcher, 21, 121-144. Retrieved from http://library. cqpress. com/cqresearcher/ Government Secrecy The discussion of government secrecy has been of great discussion over the last two years. The question, â€Å"Does great openness threaten national security? †, has been the topic at hand. The website WikiLeaks intensified the discussion with the released of thousands of classified government documents and military intelligence. Julian Assange, an Australian computer hacker, created the biggest United States security breach to ever hit the nation. Assange, the founder of WikiLeaks, worked alongside a group of associates across several countries in releasing thousands of government documents. It is believed that his source may have been United States army private, Bradley Manning, who had access to these classified government documents and databases. Assange has yet to be prosecuted for the leaking of government information but the most likely approach to prosecuting him would be under the Espionage Act of 1917. The Act prohibits the â€Å"willful† disclosure of â€Å"information relating to the national defense. It has been interpreted to mean that the defendant must know the information will hurt national security and that disclosure violates the law (Government Secrecy, 127). The discussion of updating the Espionage Act of 1917 has been of discussion because of this leak as well as ones of a smaller magnitude. Abbe Lowell of the White-Collar Criminal Defense Group of McDermont Will amp; Emory is for the updating of the Espionage Act of 1917. According to Lowell, the document is not specific enough and as worded can be lead to the infringement of the first amendment. Documents released by WikiLeaks include sensitive diplomatic cables and combat field reports from Iraq and Afghanistan. A few notable disclosures included the push by King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia for the U. S. to strike against Iran, the suspected corruption in Afghan government, and the hacking of Google by the Chinese government (Government Secrecy, 129). Many of the documents were obtained from the government database, SPIRNet, which Manning had access to. The Secret Internet Protocol Router Network allows the United Sates military and government agencies to share information. Over 500,000 people have access to the network, from senior military and law-enforcement officials to low-level military analysts and government contractors. This release of information has fueled the already heated battle between advocates of government secrecy and those who oppose (Government Secrecy, 124). Advocates of an open-government argue that federal agencies withhold too much information from the public, discouraging the ability of citizens to keep check on the wrongdoing of the government. According to supporters of government secrecy, sensitive information that could threaten the nations welfare if released is too easily accessed due to modern technology. President Obama, on his first day of office, signed an executive order designed to reduce government secrecy and increase the transparency of information across federal agencies. Signed into law by Obama in October 2010, the Reducing Over-Classification Act directs the Department of Homeland Security and the intelligence community to standardize classification and declassification procedures and improve information haring across the government. The National Declassification Center was also created in order to speed and coordinate the release of government information that no longer needs to be kept from public view. Although steps to disclosure government information to the public have been taken, secrecy opponents believe that President Obama needs to do more.